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1 Raised Colours
A term in cloth printing for those dyes which are treated after printing in a bath which will fix or develop the colour. -
2 рельефный оттиск
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3 рельефное печатание
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > рельефное печатание
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4 рельефный оттиск
raised printing полигр.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > рельефный оттиск
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5 рельефный
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6 рельефная печать
1) General subject: raised seal2) Engineering: embossed printing, surface printing, thermography3) Polygraphy: base-relief printing, cameo printing, raised printing4) Information technology: relief printing5) Cartography: letter printing6) Makarov: bas-relief, bas-relief printing -
7 печатание
с. printingпечатание «со своим оборотом» — printing together
Синонимический ряд:1. издание (сущ.) издание; публикацию; публикация2. отпечатывание (сущ.) настукивание; отпечатывание; отстукивание; оттискивание -
8 печатание
copying кфт., impression, print, printing* * *печа́тание с.
printingпеча́тание запа́рными кра́сками текст. — steam printingпеча́тание магни́тными кра́сками полигр. — magnetic ink printingрелье́фное печа́тание — raised printing, printing in relief, imitation embossingпеча́тание сухи́ми кра́сками — dry-ink printingпеча́тание термостати́ческими кра́сками — heat-set printingшабло́нное печа́тание — stencil process, stenciling -
9 рельефное печатание
1) General subject: emboss2) Engineering: imitation embossing, printing in relief, raised printing, relief embossingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > рельефное печатание
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10 reliëfdruk
• embossed printing• raised printing -
11 выпуклая печатающая поверхность
Advertising: raised printing surfaceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > выпуклая печатающая поверхность
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12 выпуклая печать
1) Engineering: thermography2) Advertising: raised printing -
13 печатание с последующим оплавлением рельефа
Makarov: raised printingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > печатание с последующим оплавлением рельефа
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14 печать с последующим оплавлением рельефа
1) Engineering: raised printing2) Advertising: thermographyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > печать с последующим оплавлением рельефа
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15 рельефный оттиск
1) Engineering: imitation embossing, raised printing2) Security: embossed impression -
16 оттиск
copyprint, copy, image, impress, impression, imprint, print, sheet полигр., stamp* * *о́ттиск м.1. полигр. impression, print2. ( в изготовлении грампластинок) pressingкорректу́рный о́ттиск — page proofпостоя́нный о́ттиск — controlled impressionпро́бный о́ттиск — proofрелье́фный о́ттиск — raised printing, imitation embossingсовмещё́нный о́ттиск — registered printчерново́й о́ттиск — brush proofшка́льный о́ттиск — colour comparator prints* * * -
17 оттиск
1. м. полигр. impression, print2. м. pressingСинонимический ряд:след (сущ.) отпечаток; след -
18 papel de imprenta
(n.) = printing paper, copy paperEx. The supply of best-quality white rags for paper-making had always been precarious, and bleaching enabled the more abundant coloured and second-quality rags to be made into acceptable writing and printing papers.Ex. A supply of copy paper should be fanned out and stacked in the feed tray and this must be raised to the correct level for feeding into the printer.* * *(n.) = printing paper, copy paperEx: The supply of best-quality white rags for paper-making had always been precarious, and bleaching enabled the more abundant coloured and second-quality rags to be made into acceptable writing and printing papers.
Ex: A supply of copy paper should be fanned out and stacked in the feed tray and this must be raised to the correct level for feeding into the printer. -
19 Senefelder, Alois
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 6 November 1771 Prague, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)d. 26 February 1834 Munich, Germany[br]German inventor of lithography.[br]Soon after his birth, Senefelder's family moved to Mannheim, where his father, an actor, had obtained a position in the state theatre. He was educated there, until he gained a scholarship to the university of Ingolstadt. The young Senefelder wanted to follow his father on to the stage, but the latter insisted that he study law. He nevertheless found time to write short pieces for the theatre. One of these, when he was 18 years old, was an encouraging success. When his father died in 1791, he gave up his studies and took to a new life as poet and actor. However, the wandering life of a repertory actor palled after two years and he settled for the more comfortable pursuit of playwriting. He had some of his work printed, which acquainted him with the art of printing, but he fell out with his bookseller. He therefore resolved to carry out his own printing, but he could not afford the equipment of a conventional letterpress printer. He began to explore other ways of printing and so set out on the path that was to lead to an entirely new method.He tried writing in reverse on a copper plate with some acid-resisting material and etching the plate, to leave a relief image that could then be inked and printed. He knew that oily substances would resist acid, but it required many experiments to arrive at a composition of wax, soap and charcoal dust dissolved in rainwater. The plates wore down with repeated polishing, so he substituted stone plates. He continued to etch them and managed to make good prints with them, but he went on to make the surprising discovery that etching was unnecessary. If the image to be printed was made with the oily composition and the stone moistened, he found that only the oily image received the ink while the moistened part rejected it. The printing surface was neither raised (as in letterpress printing) nor incised (as in intaglio printing): Senefelder had discovered the third method of printing.He arrived at a workable process over the years 1796 to 1799, and in 1800 he was granted an English patent. In the same year, lithography (or "writing on stone") was introduced into France and Senefelder himself took it to England, but it was some time before it became widespread; it was taken up by artists especially for high-quality printing of art works. Meanwhile, Senefelder improved his techniques, finding that other materials, even paper, could be used in place of stone. In fact, zinc plates were widely used from the 1820s, but the name "lithography" stuck. Although he won world renown and was honoured by most of the crowned heads of Europe, he never became rich because he dissipated his profits through restless experimenting.With the later application of the offset principle, initiated by Barclay, lithography has become the most widely used method of printing.[br]Bibliography1911, Alois Senefelder, Inventor of Lithography, trans. J.W.Muller, New York: Fuchs \& Line (Senefelder's autobiography).Further ReadingW.Weber, 1981, Alois Senefelder, Erfinder der Lithographie, Frankfurt-am-Main: Polygraph Verlag.M.Tyman, 1970, Lithography 1800–1950, London: Oxford University Press (describes the invention and its development; with biographical details).LRD -
20 Koenig, Friedrich
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 17 April 1774 Eisleben, Thuringia, Germanyd. 17 January 1833 Oberzell, near Würzburg, Germany[br]German inventor of the machine printing press.[br]Koenig became a printer and bookseller. Around 1800 he was among those who conceived the idea of mechanizing the hand printing press, which apart from minor details had survived virtually unchanged through the first three and a half centuries of printing. In 1803, in Sühl, Saxony, he designed a press in which the flat forme, carrying the type, was mechanically inked and passed to and from the platen. Whether this ma-chine was ever constructed is not known, but Koenig found little support for his ideas because of lack of technical and financial resources. So, in 1806, he went to England and was introduced to Thomas Bensley, a book printer off Fleet Street in London. Bensley agreed to support Koenig and brought in two other printers to help finance Koenig's experiments. Another German, Andreas Bauer, an engineer, assisted Koenig and became largely responsible for the practical execution of Koenig's plans.In 1810 they patented a press which was steam-driven but still used a platen. It was set to work in Bensley's office the following year but did not prove to be satisfactory. Koenig redesigned it, and in October 1811 he obtained a patent for a steam-driven press on an entirely new principle. In place of the platen, the paper was fixed around a hollow rotating cylinder, which impressed the paper on to the inked forme. In Bensley's office it was used for book printing, but its increased speed over the hand press appealed to newspaper proprietors and John Walter II of The Times asked Koenig to make a double-cylinder machine, so that the return stroke of the forme would be productive. A further patent was taken out in 1813 and the new machine was made ready to print the 29 November 1814 issue—in secrecy, behind closed doors, to forestall opposition from the pressmen working the hand presses. An important feature of the machine was that the inking rollers were not of the traditional leather or skin but a composite material made from glue, molasses and some soda. The inking could not have been achieved satisfactorily with the old materials. The editorial of that historic issue proclaimed, 'Our Journal of this day presents to the public the practical result of the greatest improvement connected with printing, since the discovery of the art itself Koenig's machine press could make 1,200 impressions an hour compared to 200 with the hand press; further improvements raised this figure to 1,500–2,000. Koenig's last English patent was in 1814 for an improved cylinder machine and a perfecting machine, which printed both sides of the paper. The steam-driven perfecting press was printing books in Bensley's office in February 1816. Koenig and Bauer wanted by that time to manufacture machine presses for other customers, but Bensley, now the principal shareholder, insisted that they should make machines for his benefit only. Finding this restriction intolerable, Koenig and Bauer returned to Germany: they became partners in a factory at Oberzell, near Würzburg, in 1817 and the firm of Koenig and Bauer flourishes there to this day.[br]Further ReadingJ.Moran, 1973, Printing Presses, London: Faber \& Faber.T.Goebel, 1956, Friedrich Koenig und die Erfindung der Schnellpresse, Würzburg.LRD
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См. также в других словарях:
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